This Presidential Proclamation establishes that imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products threaten U.S. national security, based on a Section 232 investigation finding that high import volumes weaken the domestic industry, disrupt critical supply chains, and diminish capacity vital to national defense and critical infrastructure.
Consequently, the President imposes specific ad valorem tariffs on softwood timber, lumber (10%), and upholstered wooden products, kitchen cabinets, and vanities (25%), effective October 14, 2025, with subsequent increases slated for January 1, 2026, unless trade agreements are reached with affected foreign partners, including coordinating with the UK, EU, and Japan under established negotiated frameworks.
Arguments For
The investigation determined current import levels of wood products threaten national security by weakening the domestic economy, causing mill closures, and disrupting critical supply chains necessary for national defense and infrastructure.
Tariffs are necessary to bolster industrial resilience, encourage domestic investment, strengthen military production capabilities (which rely on wood products for infrastructure and munitions components), and utilize under-developed domestic production capacity.
The action allows for flexibility through coordination with key trading partners like the UK, EU, and Japan, providing negotiated relief or lower tariff caps (e.g., 15% for EU/Japan) while applying general tariffs to adjust the market to eliminate the security threat.
The measure is specifically authorized under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, which permits import adjustments when foreign trade practices impair national security, ensuring a legal basis for the imposed duties.
Arguments Against
Imposing new tariffs increases costs for businesses reliant on wood products, potentially slowing down critical infrastructure projects and defense construction that require these materials.
The action risks retaliatory trade measures from foreign partners, potentially harming U.S. export markets for other goods or exacerbating existing trade tensions.
While referencing flexibility, the immediate imposition of tariffs (10% and 25% initially, increasing later) may disrupt established international trade relationships before negotiations can successfully conclude.
Critics may argue that while economic welfare is linked to security, the primary issue is market intervention through subsidies and unfair practices abroad, suggesting that targeted countervailing duties or specific trade negotiations might be less broadly disruptive than blanket tariffs under Section 232.
Presidential Actions
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
1. On July 1, 2025, the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) transmitted to me a report on his investigation into the effects of imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products (collectively, wood products) on the national security of the United States under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232). Based on the facts considered in that investigation, the Secretary found and advised me of his opinion that wood products are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States and provided recommendations for action under section 232 to adjust the imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
2. The Secretary found that present quantities and circumstances of wood product imports are weakening our economy, resulting in the persistent threats of closures of wood mills and disruptions of wood product supply chains, among other things, and diminishing the utilization of production capacity of our domestic wood industry. Because of the state of the United States wood industry, the United States may be unable to meet demands for wood products that are crucial to the national defense and critical infrastructure. Taking into account the close relation of the economic welfare of the Nation to our national security and other relevant factors, see 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), the Secretary found that the present quantities and circumstances of the imports of wood products threaten to impair the national security as defined in section 232.
3. In reaching this conclusion, the Secretary found that wood products serve as essential inputs across multiple sectors, supporting national defense, critical infrastructure, economic stability, and industrial resilience in the United States.
4. The Secretary found that wood products are used in critical functions of the Department of War, including building infrastructure for operational testing, housing and storage for personnel and materiel, transporting munitions, as an ingredient in munitions, and as a component in missile-defense systems and thermal-protection systems for nuclear-reentry vehicles. Further, the Secretary found that wood products support multiple critical infrastructure sectors of the United States, sectors that involve assets, systems, and networks considered so vital that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on the national security, economic welfare, or national public health or safety of the United States. Wood products are particularly important to communications, energy, transportation, defense, and manufacturing, especially in supporting the United States power grid and transportation infrastructure.
5. The Secretary also found that while the United States possesses ample raw materials and industrial capacity to meet domestic wood products demand, wood production in the United States remains underdeveloped. At the same time, imports of wood products continue to rise, signaling foreign dependence and creating vulnerabilities in the domestic industry. Foreign subsidies and unfair trade practices are eroding the competitiveness of the United States wood products industry and disincentivizing investment and modernization. These circumstances have weakened domestic manufacturing capacity for wood products, and have increased reliance on foreign imports, weakening United States industrial resilience and placing national security and economic stability at risk.
6. The Secretary identified that these practices are threatening the United States wood products industry in a way that increases mill closures and weakens domestic capacity and employment across the United States. These closures and the attendant loss of jobs will raise costs and could inhibit the United States from fulfilling its national-security needs and demands for wood products.
7. In light of these findings, the Secretary recommended a range of actions, including actions to adjust the imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
8. After considering the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232 (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I concur with the Secretary’s finding that wood products are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. In my judgment, and in light of the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d) (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I also determine that it is necessary and appropriate to adopt a plan of action that imposes tariffs, as described below, to adjust imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
9. In my judgment, the actions in this proclamation will, among other things, strengthen supply chains, bolster industrial resilience, create high-quality jobs, and increase domestic capacity utilization for wood products such that the United States can fully satisfy domestic consumption while also creating economic benefits through increased exports. These actions will also encourage capital investment and drive innovation across the United States wood products industry, and strengthen the ability of the military and national-defense industry to domestically produce key munitions and defense systems and perform other required critical national-security functions. Modernization and renewed investment will curb further erosion of the United States wood industry and improve its efficiency, resource utilization, and product yield. These actions will adjust the imports of wood products and are necessary and appropriate to address the threat to impair the national security of the United States posed by imports of such articles.
10. To ensure the tariffs on wood products in this proclamation are not circumvented or that the purpose of this action to eliminate the threat to the national security of the United States by imports of wood products is not undermined, I deem it necessary and appropriate to establish processes to identify and impose tariffs on additional wood products, as further described below.
11. To ensure the effectiveness of the actions in this proclamation, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to address undervaluation, as further described below. In my judgment, when there is a threat of undervaluation, it may be appropriate for specific, compound, or mixed tariffs to be imposed.
12. Consistent with the General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal (May 8, 2025), the United States intends to coordinate with the United Kingdom to adopt a structured, negotiated approach to addressing the national security threat in the wood-products industry. Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of the framework agreements I have negotiated with the European Union and Japan, I intend to ensure that the tariff rate that applies to originating wood‑products of the European Union and Japan subject to this proclamation shall not exceed 15 percent.
13. Section 232 authorizes the President to take action to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security. Section 232 includes the authority to adopt and carry out a plan of action, with adjustments over time, to address the national-security threat. That initial plan of action may include negotiations of agreements with foreign trading partners along with other actions to adjust imports to address the national security threat, including tariffs. If action under section 232 includes the negotiation of an agreement, such as one contemplated in section 232(c)(3)(A)(i), 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A)(i), then section 232 also directs the President to take other actions he deems necessary to adjust imports and eliminate the threat that the imported article poses to national security if such an agreement is not entered into within 180 days of the date of this proclamation or is not being carried out or is ineffective, see 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A).
14. The Secretary and the United States Trade Representative (Trade Representative) have advised me that there are ongoing negotiations of agreements with foreign trading partners that at least in part include discussions over wood products. In my judgment, and after considering the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d), 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), the additional information provided to me by the Secretary and the Trade Representative, and other relevant factors and information, I have decided to include in my plan of action negotiations, with adjustments to tariffs depending on the status or outcome of such negotiations. I therefore direct the Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, to pursue negotiation of agreements or continue current negotiations of agreements, such as agreements contemplated in section 232(c)(3)(A)(i), 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A)(i), to address the threatened impairment of the national security with respect to imported wood products.
15. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 2483 (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 232, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), section 604, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of softwood timber and lumber, as set forth in Annex I to this proclamation, shall be subject to a 10 percent ad valorem duty rate.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of certain upholstered wooden products, as listed in Annex I to this proclamation, will be subject to a 25 percent ad valorem duty rate.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of kitchen cabinets and vanities, as listed in Annex I to this proclamation, will be subject to a 25 percent ad valorem duty rate. This duty shall apply to completed kitchen cabinets and vanities as well as parts imported for use in kitchen cabinets and vanities.
(4) Products tariffed pursuant to this proclamation shall not be subject to any tariffs imposed by Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025 (Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits), as amended; Executive Order 14323 of July 30, 2025 (Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil); or Executive Order 14329 of August 6, 2025 (Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation).
(5) The rates of duty established in this proclamation shall apply with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on October 14, 2025. Effective January 1, 2026, the duty rate in clause 2 shall increase to 30 percent and the duty rate in clause 3 shall increase to 50 percent, and shall continue in effect, except for countries with which the United States reaches an agreement that addresses the threatened impairment of the national security posed by imports of wood products. Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, the tariffs imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such imported wood products.
(6) If any wood product is subject to tariffs under both this proclamation and Proclamation 10908 of March 26, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States), as amended, the wood product shall be subject to the terms and duties imposed pursuant to Proclamation 10908, as amended, and not those imposed pursuant to this proclamation. In addition, if any wood product is subject to tariffs pursuant to both this proclamation and the Executive Orders listed in section 2(b) or 2(c) of Executive Order 14289 of April 29, 2025 (Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles), as amended, the wood product shall be subject to the duties imposed pursuant to this proclamation, and not those imposed pursuant to the Executive Orders listed in section 2(b) or 2(c) of Executive Order 14289, as amended.
(7) Notwithstanding clauses 1 through 5 of this proclamation, the tariff imposed in this proclamation pursuant to section 232 that applies to imports of wood products from the United Kingdom shall not exceed 10 percent. Notwithstanding clauses 1 through 5 of this proclamation, the tariff imposed in this proclamation pursuant to section 232 that applies to imports of wood products from the European Union and Japan shall not result in a tariff that, when added to the applicable Column 1 Duty Rate in the HTSUS, exceeds 15 percent.
(8) Any product described in clauses 1 through 3 of this proclamation, except those eligible for admission as “domestic status” as described in 19 C.F.R. 146.43, that is subject to a duty imposed by this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation may only be admitted as “privileged foreign” status as described in 19 C.F.R. 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
(9) The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of wood products and shall, from time to time, in consultation with any senior executive branch official the Secretary deems appropriate, review the status of imports of wood products with respect to the national security of the United States. The Secretary shall inform the President of any circumstances that, in the Secretary’s opinion, might indicate the need for further action by the President under section 232. By October 1, 2026, the Secretary shall provide the President with an update on imports of hardwood timber and lumber, their markets, and the domestic industry, so that the President may determine whether imposing an additional duty on imports of hardwood timber or lumber, such as the phased import duty recommended by the July 1, 2025, report, as well as any additional duties on derivatives of such products, is warranted to address a threat to national security. The Secretary shall also inform the President of any circumstance that, in the Secretary’s opinion, might indicate that the increase in duty rate provided for in this proclamation is no longer necessary.
(10) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary and any senior official the Trade Representative deems appropriate, shall pursue negotiations of agreements or continue current negotiations of agreements to address the threatened impairment of the national security with respect to imported wood products from any country. The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall, from time to time, update me on the status or outcome of the negotiations described in this proclamation. At a minimum, the Trade Representative shall provide one such update before January 1, 2026, and a subsequent update no later than 180 days after the date of this proclamation.
(11) The Secretary, in consultation with the United States International Trade Commission and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), shall determine whether any modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.
(12) Given the actions directed in this proclamation, and having considered the actions needed to address the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, as amended, I am directing that, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on and after 12:01 eastern daylight time on October 14, 2025, all tariff provisions under Chapter 44 of the HTSUS are hereby removed from Annex II of Executive Order 14257, as amended, except those tariff provisions that: (i) are included on the Potential Tariff Adjustments for Aligned Partners Annex of Executive Order 14346 of September 5, 2025 (Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements), and (ii) do not include products of a type that are subject to an antidumping or countervailing duty order.
(13) To the extent consistent with applicable law and the purpose of this proclamation, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security are directed and authorized to take all actions that are appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation and any actions contemplated by this proclamation, including, consistent with applicable law, the issuance of regulations, rules, guidance, and procedures and the temporary suspension or amendment of regulations, within their respective jurisdictions, and to employ all powers granted to the President under section 232, as may be appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation. The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security may, consistent with applicable law, including 3 U.S.C. 301, redelegate any of these functions within their respective agencies. All executive departments and agencies shall take all appropriate measures to implement and effectuate this proclamation.
(14) Drawback shall be available with respect to the duties imposed pursuant to this proclamation.
(15) CBP may take any appropriate measure to administer the tariffs imposed by this proclamation.
(16) The Secretary shall establish a process for including additional wood products within the scope of the tariffs described in this proclamation. The Secretary may add additional wood products within the scope of the tariffs described in this proclamation if, after considering the information from his monitoring of wood product imports with respect to the national security, any factor the Secretary deems appropriate, among other relevant information or considerations, the Secretary determines that inclusion of the additional wood product will reduce or eliminate the national security threat found in this proclamation and is consistent with the purpose of this proclamation. Appropriate factors include whether imports of the wood product have increased in a manner that threatens to impair the national security or otherwise undermines the objectives set forth in this proclamation. The process the Secretary establishes may include receiving requests or information from domestic producers of wood products or other interested entities or individuals.
(17) The Secretary shall establish a process for determining whether there is a threat of undervaluation of wood product imports subject to tariffs pursuant to this proclamation. If the Secretary finds that there is a risk of undervaluation of any particular class of imports of wood products subject to tariffs imposed pursuant to this proclamation, the Secretary is authorized to impose specific, compound, or mixed tariffs at a rate that he determines to correspond approximately to the ad valorem duty rate otherwise in effect under section 232 for the same class of articles through notice in the Federal Register.
(18) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fiftieth.
DONALD J. TRUMP
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The initial part of the document sets the formal stage, stating the President is issuing a Proclamation based on a report from the Secretary of Commerce concerning wood product imports.
This Section 232 report justified imposing import restrictions because excessive timber and lumber imports allegedly endanger U.S. national security by harming the domestic industry, which is vital for defense and critical infrastructure.
The President concurs with these findings and establishes a tariff plan, including targeted duties of 10% on softwood lumber and 25% on specific finished wood products, effective mid-October 2025.
The document emphasizes that these actions aim to build industrial capability and strengthen supply chains, while also detailing carve-outs and negotiated limits for specific imports from the UK (max 10%) and the EU/Japan (max 15%).
Subsequent directives assign implementation roles.
The Trade Representative must negotiate with international partners, and the Secretary of Commerce must monitor import levels, with specified deadlines for reporting back to the President on the status of hardwood imports and tariff effectiveness.
The proclamation also authorizes administrative actions to implement the rules, including modifying the HTSUS and processes to counter circumvention or undervaluation of goods.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
This markup indicates the formal declaration that the following document is being issued by the President of the United States.
A PROCLAMATION
This explicitly labels the document as a Proclamation, which is a formal declaration by the President that carries the force of law under specific statutory authority.
- On July 1, 2025, the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) transmitted to me a report on his investigation into the effects of imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products (collectively, wood products) on the national security of the United States under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232). Based on the facts considered in that investigation, the Secretary found and advised me of his opinion that wood products are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States and provided recommendations for action under section 232 to adjust the imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
The first enacted paragraph states that the Secretary of Commerce submitted a report on July 1, 2025, concluding that wood product imports threaten U.S. national security under Section 232 authority.
The report included recommendations for adjusting these imports to mitigate the identified threat.
- The Secretary found that present quantities and circumstances of wood product imports are weakening our economy, resulting in the persistent threats of closures of wood mills and disruptions of wood product supply chains, among other things, and diminishing the utilization of production capacity of our domestic wood industry. Because of the state of the United States wood industry, the United States may be unable to meet demands for wood products that are crucial to the national defense and critical infrastructure. Taking into account the close relation of the economic welfare of the Nation to our national security and other relevant factors, see 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), the Secretary found that the present quantities and circumstances of the imports of wood products threaten to impair the national security as defined in section 232.
The second paragraph details the Secretary's specific findings leading to the national security determination.
These findings focused on economic harm, citing threats of wood mill closures and supply chain disruptions.
This weakens the ability of the U.S. to supply wood products needed for national defense and critical infrastructure, justifying the action based on the connection between economic welfare and national security.
- In reaching this conclusion, the Secretary found that wood products serve as essential inputs across multiple sectors, supporting national defense, critical infrastructure, economic stability, and industrial resilience in the United States.
This paragraph affirms the critical nature of wood products.
They are essential materials supporting vital areas like national defense, the functioning of critical infrastructure, overall economic stability, and the resilience of U.S. industry.
- The Secretary found that wood products are used in critical functions of the Department of War, including building infrastructure for operational testing, housing and storage for personnel and materiel, transporting munitions, as an ingredient in munitions, and as a component in missile-defense systems and thermal-protection systems for nuclear-reentry vehicles. Further, the Secretary found that wood products support multiple critical infrastructure sectors of the United States, sectors that involve assets, systems, and networks considered so vital that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on the national security, economic welfare, or national public health or safety of the United States. Wood products are particularly important to communications, energy, transportation, defense, and manufacturing, especially in supporting the United States power grid and transportation infrastructure.
This section specifies the military and civilian uses of wood products cited in the report.
For the Department of War, wood is necessary for infrastructure, storage, munitions transport, and as a component in defense systems like missile defense and nuclear vehicle shielding.
Additionally, wood supports critical infrastructure sectors, including communications, energy, transportation, and manufacturing, particularly the power grid.
- The Secretary also found that while the United States possesses ample raw materials and industrial capacity to meet domestic wood products demand, wood production in the United States remains underdeveloped. At the same time, imports of wood products continue to rise, signaling foreign dependence and creating vulnerabilities in the domestic industry. Foreign subsidies and unfair trade practices are eroding the competitiveness of the United States wood products industry and disincentivizing investment and modernization. These circumstances have weakened domestic manufacturing capacity for wood products, and have increased reliance on foreign imports, weakening United States industrial resilience and placing national security and economic stability at risk.
The Secretary noted a paradox: the U.S. has sufficient raw materials and capacity but underdeveloped wood production.
Rising imports, driven by foreign subsidies and unfair trade practices that deter domestic investment, create dependence.
This reliance on imports weakens industrial resilience and consequently endangers both economic stability and national security.
- The Secretary identified that these practices are threatening the United States wood products industry in a way that increases mill closures and weakens domestic capacity and employment across the United States. These closures and the attendant loss of jobs will raise costs and could inhibit the United States from fulfilling its national-security needs and demands for wood products.
The identified trade practices are damaging the domestic wood industry by causing more mill closures and reducing domestic capacity and employment.
This direct job loss and capacity reduction increases operational costs and threatens the nation's ability to meet its own security requirements for wood products.
- In light of these findings, the Secretary recommended a range of actions, including actions to adjust the imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
Based on the findings of a threat to national security, the Secretary proposed a series of measures designed to adjust the flow of wood product imports to eliminate that threat.
- After considering the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232 (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I concur with the Secretary’s finding that wood products are being imported into the United States in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States. In my judgment, and in light of the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d) (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)), and other relevant factors and information, I also determine that it is necessary and appropriate to adopt a plan of action that imposes tariffs, as described below, to adjust imports of wood products so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security of the United States.
The President accepts the Secretary's conclusion, concurring that wood product imports, given their current volume and circumstances, threaten national security under Section 232.
Therefore, the President determines that imposing tariffs is a necessary and appropriate step in the plan to correct the import imbalance.
- In my judgment, the actions in this proclamation will, among other things, strengthen supply chains, bolster industrial resilience, create high-quality jobs, and increase domestic capacity utilization for wood products such that the United States can fully satisfy domestic consumption while also creating economic benefits through increased exports. These actions will also encourage capital investment and drive innovation across the United States wood products industry, and strengthen the ability of the military and national-defense industry to domestically produce key munitions and defense systems and perform other required critical national-security functions. Modernization and renewed investment will curb further erosion of the United States wood industry and improve its efficiency, resource utilization, and product yield. These actions will adjust the imports of wood products and are necessary and appropriate to address the threat to impair the national security of the United States posed by imports of such articles.
The President expects these tariff actions to yield several benefits.
These include reinforcing supply chains, improving industrial resilience, increasing domestic production capacity utilization to meet all domestic needs, and setting the stage for increased exports.
Furthermore, the measure is intended to stimulate capital investment, innovation in the industry, and enhance the domestic defense industrial base's ability to manufacture necessary systems.
- To ensure the tariffs on wood products in this proclamation are not circumvented or that the purpose of this action to eliminate the threat to the national security of the United States by imports of wood products is not undermined, I deem it necessary and appropriate to establish processes to identify and impose tariffs on additional wood products, as further described below.
To maintain the effectiveness of the tariffs and prevent them from being sidestepped, the President mandates establishing processes to identify and impose duties on additional wood products if necessary.
- To ensure the effectiveness of the actions in this proclamation, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to address undervaluation, as further described below. In my judgment, when there is a threat of undervaluation, it may be appropriate for specific, compound, or mixed tariffs to be imposed.
To ensure the implemented actions work as intended, the President determines it is necessary to combat undervaluation of imports.
This may involve applying specialized tariff structures, such as specific, compound, or mixed rates, if undervaluation risks are present.
- Consistent with the General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal (May 8, 2025), the United States intends to coordinate with the United Kingdom to adopt a structured, negotiated approach to addressing the national security threat in the wood-products industry. Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of the framework agreements I have negotiated with the European Union and Japan, I intend to ensure that the tariff rate that applies to originating wood‑products of the European Union and Japan subject to this proclamation shall not exceed 15 percent.
This section outlines coordination efforts with trading partners.
The U.S. will coordinate with the United Kingdom using a structured, negotiated method based on a recent Economic Prosperity Deal.
Additionally, existing framework agreements with the EU and Japan necessitate limiting the imposed tariff rate on their originating wood products to a maximum of 15 percent.
- Section 232 authorizes the President to take action to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security. Section 232 includes the authority to adopt and carry out a plan of action, with adjustments over time, to address the national-security threat. That initial plan of action may include negotiations of agreements with foreign trading partners along with other actions to adjust imports to address the national security threat, including tariffs. If action under section 232 includes the negotiation of an agreement, such as one contemplated in section 232(c)(3)(A)(i), 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A)(i), then section 232 also directs the President to take other actions he deems necessary to adjust imports and eliminate the threat that the imported article poses to national security if such an agreement is not entered into within 180 days of the date of this proclamation or is not being carried out or is ineffective, see 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A).
This paragraph cites the statutory authority granted to the President under Section 232 to adjust imports that threaten national security.
The President can implement a flexible plan involving negotiations with trade partners alongside other measures like tariffs.
If negotiations do not succeed within 180 days or prove ineffective, Section 232 requires the President to take further necessary actions to eliminate the security threat.
- The Secretary and the United States Trade Representative (Trade Representative) have advised me that there are ongoing negotiations of agreements with foreign trading partners that at least in part include discussions over wood products. In my judgment, and after considering the Secretary’s report, the factors in section 232(d), 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), the additional information provided to me by the Secretary and the Trade Representative, and other relevant factors and information, I have decided to include in my plan of action negotiations, with adjustments to tariffs depending on the status or outcome of such negotiations. I therefore direct the Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, to pursue negotiation of agreements or continue current negotiations of agreements, such as agreements contemplated in section 232(c)(3)(A)(i), 19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(3)(A)(i), to address the threatened impairment of the national security with respect to imported wood products.
The President notes that the Trade Representative and Secretary have informed him of ongoing trade agreement negotiations that cover wood products.
Based on all available information, the President decides to integrate these negotiations into the plan of action, allowing the tariffs to be adjusted based on negotiation results.
The Trade Representative is directed, in consultation with the Secretary, to actively negotiate agreements to resolve the national security threat posed by wood product imports.
- Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 2483 (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.
This paragraph cites Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974 as the legal mechanism allowing the President to formally integrate the substance of these statutory actions—including imposing, continuing, or modifying duty rates—into the official Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS).
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 232, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), section 604, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:
This is the enacting clause, where the President formally declares the action being taken.
The President invokes authority derived from the Constitution, Section 232 (Trade Act), IEEPA, Section 604 (Trade Act), and 3 U.S.C. 301 to issue the following directives under the Proclamation.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of softwood timber and lumber, as set forth in Annex I to this proclamation, shall be subject to a 10 percent ad valorem duty rate.
This clause institutes a 10 percent ad valorem tariff on imports of softwood timber and lumber, as detailed in Annex I, unless other parts of this proclamation provide an exception.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of certain upholstered wooden products, as listed in Annex I to this proclamation, will be subject to a 25 percent ad valorem duty rate.
This clause imposes a 25 percent ad valorem duty on specified upholstered wooden products listed in Annex I, subject to exceptions found elsewhere in the document.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, imports of kitchen cabinets and vanities, as listed in Annex I to this proclamation, will be subject to a 25 percent ad valorem duty rate. This duty shall apply to completed kitchen cabinets and vanities as well as parts imported for use in kitchen cabinets and vanities.
This clause applies a 25 percent ad valorem duty to kitchen cabinets and vanities, including both finished units and any imported components intended for their assembly.
Exceptions may apply based on other sections of the proclamation.
(4) Products tariffed pursuant to this proclamation shall not be subject to any tariffs imposed by Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025 (Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits), as amended; Executive Order 14323 of July 30, 2025 (Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil); or Executive Order 14329 of August 6, 2025 (Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation).
This clarifies tariff precedence: any wood products subject to the duties established in this proclamation are explicitly excluded from duties imposed by three specified Executive Orders concerning reciprocal tariffs, Brazil, and Russia.
(5) The rates of duty established in this proclamation shall apply with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on October 14, 2025. Effective January 1, 2026, the duty rate in clause 2 shall increase to 30 percent and the duty rate in clause 3 shall increase to 50 percent, and shall continue in effect, except for countries with which the United States reaches an agreement that addresses the threatened impairment of the national security posed by imports of wood products. Except as otherwise provided in this proclamation, the tariffs imposed in this proclamation are in addition to any other duties, taxes, fees, exactions, and charges applicable to such imported wood products.
The tariffs take effect for goods entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption beginning at 12:01 a.m.
Eastern Daylight Time on October 14, 2025.
On January 1, 2026, the 25% duties in clauses (2) and (3) increase to 30% and 50%, respectively, unless a trade agreement has been reached with the exporting country to address the national security concern.
These new tariffs are assessed on top of any existing applicable duties.
(6) If any wood product is subject to tariffs under both this proclamation and Proclamation 10908 of March 26, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States), as amended, the wood product shall be subject to the terms and duties imposed pursuant to Proclamation 10908, as amended, and not those imposed pursuant to this proclamation. In addition, if any wood product is subject to tariffs pursuant to both this proclamation and the Executive Orders listed in section 2(b) or 2(c) of Executive Order 14289 of April 29, 2025 (Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles), as amended, the wood product shall be subject to the duties imposed pursuant to this proclamation, and not those imposed pursuant to the Executive Orders listed in section 2(b) or 2(c) of Executive Order 14289, as amended.
This clause establishes rules for dual tariff application.
If a wood product falls under both this proclamation and Proclamation 10908 (Automobile Imports), the automobile tariff applies.
If a product is covered by this proclamation and tariffs under sections 2(b) or 2(c) of Executive Order 14289, the tariff imposed by this wood products proclamation takes precedence.
(7) Notwithstanding clauses 1 through 5 of this proclamation, the tariff imposed in this proclamation pursuant to section 232 that applies to imports of wood products from the United Kingdom shall not exceed 10 percent. Notwithstanding clauses 1 through 5 of this proclamation, the tariff imposed in this proclamation pursuant to section 232 that applies to imports of wood products from the European Union and Japan shall not result in a tariff that, when added to the applicable Column 1 Duty Rate in the HTSUS, exceeds 15 percent.
Tariffs on wood products imported from the United Kingdom are capped at 10 percent, overriding the general rates established in clauses 1 through 5.
Similarly, for the EU and Japan, the total applied tariff rate, when combined with existing Column 1 HTSUS duty rates, cannot surpass 15 percent.
(8) Any product described in clauses 1 through 3 of this proclamation, except those eligible for admission as “domestic status” as described in 19 C.F.R. 146.43, that is subject to a duty imposed by this proclamation and that is admitted into a United States foreign trade zone on or after the effective date of this proclamation may only be admitted as “privileged foreign” status as described in 19 C.F.R. 146.41, and will be subject upon entry for consumption to any ad valorem rate of duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading.
Wood products subject to the new tariffs, unless those eligible for 'domestic status' under current regulations (19 C.F.R. 146.43), must enter U.S. foreign trade zones with 'privileged foreign' status (19 C.F.R. 146.41).
Upon final consumption entry, these goods will be subject to the ad valorem duty rate based on their HTSUS classification.
(9) The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of wood products and shall, from time to time, in consultation with any senior executive branch official the Secretary deems appropriate, review the status of imports of wood products with respect to the national security of the United States. The Secretary shall inform the President of any circumstances that, in the Secretary’s opinion, might indicate the need for further action by the President under section 232. By October 1, 2026, the Secretary shall provide the President with an update on imports of hardwood timber and lumber, their markets, and the domestic industry, so that the President may determine whether imposing an additional duty on imports of hardwood timber or lumber, such as the phased import duty recommended by the July 1, 2025, report, as well as any additional duties on derivatives of such products, is warranted to address a threat to national security. The Secretary shall also inform the President of any circumstance that, in the Secretary’s opinion, might indicate that the increase in duty rate provided for in this proclamation is no longer necessary.
The Secretary of Commerce must continuously monitor wood product imports in consultation with other relevant officials and report to the President if further Section 232 action seems needed.
Specifically, an update on hardwood timber imports must be submitted by October 1, 2026, to allow the President to decide on imposing further duties, potentially including those recommended in the initial July 1, 2025 report.
The Secretary also informs the President if the increased duty rates are no longer required.
(10) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary and any senior official the Trade Representative deems appropriate, shall pursue negotiations of agreements or continue current negotiations of agreements to address the threatened impairment of the national security with respect to imported wood products from any country. The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall, from time to time, update me on the status or outcome of the negotiations described in this proclamation. At a minimum, the Trade Representative shall provide one such update before January 1, 2026, and a subsequent update no later than 180 days after the date of this proclamation.
The Trade Representative must consult with the Secretary and potentially other senior officials to continue or initiate negotiations with any country regarding wood product imports that threaten national security.
The Trade Representative must provide updates on these negotiations to the President, with at least one update due before January 1, 2026, and a final update due within 180 days of the proclamation date.
(11) The Secretary, in consultation with the United States International Trade Commission and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), shall determine whether any modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate this proclamation and shall make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.
The Secretary of Commerce, working with the U.S. International Trade Commission and the Commissioner of CBP, is responsible for finalizing any necessary changes to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) required to implement the proclamation, publishing those changes in the Federal Register.
(12) Given the actions directed in this proclamation, and having considered the actions needed to address the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, as amended, I am directing that, effective for goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on and after 12:01 eastern daylight time on October 14, 2025, all tariff provisions under Chapter 44 of the HTSUS are hereby removed from Annex II of Executive Order 14257, as amended, except those tariff provisions that: (i) are included on the Potential Tariff Adjustments for Aligned Partners Annex of Executive Order 14346 of September 5, 2025 (Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements), and (ii) do not include products of a type that are subject to an antidumping or countervailing duty order.
Considering this Proclamation and the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, the President directs that starting October 14, 2025, all tariff provisions classified under Chapter 44 of the HTSUS are removed from Annex II of Executive Order 14257.
This removal excludes any tariff provisions that remain listed in the 'Potential Tariff Adjustments for Aligned Partners Annex' of Executive Order 14346 and which are not concurrently subject to an anti-dumping or countervailing duty order.
(13) To the extent consistent with applicable law and the purpose of this proclamation, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security are directed and authorized to take all actions that are appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation and any actions contemplated by this proclamation, including, consistent with applicable law, the issuance of regulations, rules, guidance, and procedures and the temporary suspension or amendment of regulations, within their respective jurisdictions, and to employ all powers granted to the President under section 232, as may be appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation. The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security may, consistent with applicable law, including 3 U.S.C. 301, redelegate any of these functions within their respective agencies. All executive departments and agencies shall take all appropriate measures to implement and effectuate this proclamation.
The Secretaries of Commerce and Homeland Security are authorized, within legal limits and consistent with the proclamation's goals, to take all necessary actions for implementation.
This authority includes issuing necessary regulations, guidance, procedures, and temporarily amending existing rules, potentially using Section 232 powers.
They can also delegate these responsibilities internally.
All executive departments must cooperate to execute this proclamation.
(14) Drawback shall be available with respect to the duties imposed pursuant to this proclamation.
The option for drawback—a refund of duties paid on imported merchandise that is subsequently exported or destroyed—will be made available for the tariffs established by this proclamation.
(15) CBP may take any appropriate measure to administer the tariffs imposed by this proclamation.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has the authorization to take any necessary administrative steps required to manage and enforce the tariffs specified in this proclamation.
(16) The Secretary shall establish a process for including additional wood products within the scope of the tariffs described in this proclamation. The Secretary may add additional wood products within the scope of the tariffs described in this proclamation if, after considering the information from his monitoring of wood product imports with respect to the national security, any factor the Secretary deems appropriate, among other relevant information or considerations, the Secretary determines that inclusion of the additional wood product will reduce or eliminate the national security threat found in this proclamation and is consistent with the purpose of this proclamation. Appropriate factors include whether imports of the wood product have increased in a manner that threatens to impair the national security or otherwise undermines the objectives set forth in this proclamation. The process the Secretary establishes may include receiving requests or information from domestic producers of wood products or other interested entities or individuals.
The Secretary must create a system for adding more wood products to the tariff list.
The Secretary can add products if monitoring demonstrates that inclusion will help eliminate or lessen the national security threat described in the proclamation.
Factors supporting this decision include whether new imports of that product are increasing in a way that threatens security or undermines the proclamation's goals.
This process is permitted to accept information from domestic producers or other interested parties.
(17) The Secretary shall establish a process for determining whether there is a threat of undervaluation of wood product imports subject to tariffs pursuant to this proclamation. If the Secretary finds that there is a risk of undervaluation of any particular class of imports of wood products subject to tariffs imposed pursuant to this proclamation, the Secretary is authorized to impose specific, compound, or mixed tariffs at a rate that he determines to correspond approximately to the ad valorem duty rate otherwise in effect under section 232 for the same class of articles through notice in the Federal Register.
The Secretary is required to establish a procedure to check for the threat of undervaluation among the subjected wood product imports.
If undervaluation is found to be a risk for any specific class of goods, the Secretary is authorized to implement specialized tariffs (specific, compound, or mixed) that closely match the standard ad valorem rate under Section 232, which must be published in the Federal Register.
(18) Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
This clause states that any prior presidential actions conflicting with this proclamation are replaced by its terms.
Furthermore, it includes a standard severability clause: if any part of the proclamation is legally ruled invalid for any party or situation, the rest of the proclamation remains in full force and effect for all other parties and circumstances.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fiftieth.
DONALD J. TRUMP
This concluding paragraph formally records the date of the signing and execution of the Proclamation.
The document was signed by Donald J. Trump on September 29, 2025.
Click here to view Lumber and Timber 232 Annex
This item provides a direct link to download the accompanying Annex I file, which legally details the specific Harmonized Tariff Schedule classifications for the timber, lumber, and wood products being subjected to the newly imposed duties.
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