Addressing Threats to The United States by the Government of the Russian Federation
This presidential order addresses the ongoing national security threat from Russia's actions in Ukraine by imposing a 25 percent ad valorem duty on imports from India due to its indirect involvement in importing Russian oil.
The order cites evidence of Russia's continued harmful activities and establishes a framework for monitoring, amending these tariffs based on further information, including the potential for modification should India or Russia take mitigating steps.
Several cabinet members are given key roles for implementation and enforcement.
Arguments For
Intended Benefit: Strengthening national security by indirectly pressuring Russia through economic sanctions on a country indirectly supporting it.
Evidence Cited: The order cites the continued threat to national security posed by the Russian Federation's actions in Ukraine, supported by additional information received from various senior officials. Existing Executive Orders (14066 and 14024) form the legal basis.
Implementation Methods: Imposing a 25 percent ad valorem duty on imports from India, as well as monitoring and recommendation provisions to adapt the response to the national security threat.
Legal/Historical Basis: The order relies upon the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), National Emergencies Act, section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and builds upon previous executive orders addressing Russian actions in Ukraine.
Arguments Against
Potential Impacts: Negative impact on US-India trade relations, potential for retaliatory tariffs from India, and uncertain efficacy in significantly altering Russia's actions in Ukraine.
Implementation Challenges: The definition of 'indirectly importing' could lead to complexities and disputes, monitoring and enforcing the tariff across a complex global supply chain might prove difficult.
Alternative Approaches: Diplomatic pressure, stricter sanctions directly targeting Russian oil imports, or international cooperation with allies to leverage greater influence on Russia.
Unintended Effects: Increased prices for consumers of goods imported from India, and broader negative economic effects if retaliation escalates and trade partnerships are damaged.
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby determine and order:
This opening statement asserts the President's authority to issue this order, citing relevant laws and acts, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act.
It establishes the legal basis for the following actions.
Section 1. Background. Executive Order 14066 of March 8, 2022 (Prohibiting Certain Imports and New Investments With Respect to Continued Russian Federation Efforts To Undermine the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine), expanded the scope of the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024 of April 15, 2021 (Blocking Property With Respect To Specified Harmful Foreign Activities of the Government of the Russian Federation), to include the actions taken against Ukraine by the Government of the Russian Federation. To address that unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, Executive Order 14066 prohibited, among other things, the importation into the United States of certain products of Russian Federation origin, including crude oil; petroleum; and petroleum fuels, oils, and products of their distillation.
I have received additional information from various senior officials on, among other things, the actions of the Government of the Russian Federation with respect to the situation in Ukraine. After considering this additional information, among other things, I find that the national emergency described in Executive Order 14066 continues and that the actions and policies of the Government of the Russian Federation continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States.
To deal with the national emergency described in Executive Order 14066, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to impose an additional ad valorem duty on imports of articles of India, which is directly or indirectly importing Russian Federation oil. In my judgment, imposing tariffs, as described below, in addition to maintaining the other measures taken to address the national emergency described in Executive Order 14066, will more effectively deal with the national emergency described in Executive Order 14066.
This section provides context.
It explains that this order builds upon previous executive orders targeting Russia's actions in Ukraine. The President states that new information confirms the ongoing national security threat and justifies the imposition of additional tariffs on Indian imports due to their indirect involvement in Russian oil imports.
Sec. 2. Imposition of Tariffs. (a) I find that the Government of India is currently directly or indirectly importing Russian Federation oil.
(b) Accordingly, and as consistent with applicable law, articles of India imported into the customs territory of the United States shall be subject to an additional ad valorem rate of duty of 25 percent. Subject to section 3 of this order, this rate of duty shall be effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time 21 days after the date of this order, except for goods that (1) were loaded onto a vessel at the port of loading and in transit on the final mode of transit prior to entry into the United States before 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time 21 days after the date of this order; and (2) are entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, before 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on September 17, 2025.
This section outlines the specific tariff.
The President declares that India is importing Russian oil, directly or indirectly, and therefore a 25% ad valorem tariff will be applied to Indian goods.
An exception is made for goods already in transit.
Sec. 3. Scope of Duties and Stacking. (a) The ad valorem duty imposed in section 2 of this order shall be in addition to any other duties, fees, taxes, exactions, and charges applicable to such imports, unless subject to existing or future actions under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, in which case the ad valorem duty imposed in this order shall not apply.
(b) The ad valorem duty imposed in section 2 of this order shall not apply to articles that are excepted by 50 U.S.C. 1702(b).
(c) The ad valorem duty imposed in section 2 of this order shall not apply to articles that are set forth in Annex II to Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025 (Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits), as amended.
(d) The ad valorem duty imposed in Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025, as amended, shall apply in addition to the ad valorem duty imposed in section 2 of this order, when applicable pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 14257.
(e) Except for those articles that are eligible for admission under “domestic status” as defined in 19 CFR 146.43, articles that are subject to the duty imposed in section 2 of this order and are admitted into a foreign trade zone on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time 21 days after the date of this order must be admitted as “privileged foreign status” as defined in 19 CFR 146.41.
This section clarifies how the new tariff interacts with existing tariffs and regulations.
It specifies that the 25% tariff is in addition to other existing tariffs, with some exceptions.
It addresses situations involving prior exemptions from tariffs and foreign trade zones.
Sec. 4. Modification Authority. (a) To ensure that the emergency described in section 1 of this order is dealt with, I may modify this order, including in light of additional information, recommendations from senior officials, or changed circumstances.
(b) Should a foreign country retaliate against the United States in response to this action, I may modify this order to ensure the efficacy of the actions herein ordered.
(c) Should the Government of the Russian Federation or a foreign country impacted by this order take significant steps to address the national emergency described in section 1 of this order and align sufficiently with the United States on national security, foreign policy, and economic matters, I may further modify this order.
This section provides the President with flexibility to adjust the order based on new developments.
The President reserves the right to adjust or revoke the tariff in response to retaliatory actions by other countries or if Russia or India takes steps to de-escalate the situation.
Sec. 5. Monitoring and Recommendations. (a) The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and any other senior official the Secretary of Commerce deems appropriate, shall determine whether any other country is directly or indirectly importing Russian Federation oil. If the Secretary of Commerce finds that a country is directly or indirectly importing Russian Federation oil, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, and the Assistant to the President and Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing, shall recommend whether and to what extent I should take action as to that country, including whether I should impose an additional ad valorem rate of duty of 25 percent on imports of articles of that country.
(b) The Secretary of State shall monitor and regularly consult with any senior official the Secretary of State deems appropriate on the emergency described in section 1 of this order.
(c) The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, and the Assistant to the President and Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing, shall recommend to me additional action, if necessary, if the actions in this order are not effective in resolving the emergency described in section 1 of this order or should the Government of the Russian Federation or another foreign country retaliate against the United States in response to the actions taken in this order or any subsequent order issued to address the emergency described in section 1 of this order.
This section establishes a monitoring and review process.
Multiple cabinet-level officials are tasked with monitoring the situation, determining if other countries are importing Russian oil, and recommending further actions as needed.
Sec. 6. Delegation. (a) The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, and the Assistant to the President and Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including adopting rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA as may be necessary to implement this order. The Secretary of State may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within the Department of State. Each executive department and agency shall take all appropriate measures within its authority to carry out this order.
(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the United States International Trade Commission, shall determine whether modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States are necessary to effectuate this order and may make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.
(c) U.S. Customs and Border Protection may take any necessary or appropriate measure to administer a duty imposed by this order or any action taken pursuant to this order.
This section delegates the implementation of the order to specific government agencies, including the Secretary of State, who is given broad authority, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, who is tasked with addressing tariff schedule changes.
Customs and Border Protection is given authority for enforcement.
Sec. 7. Definitions. For the purposes of this order:
(a) The term “Russian Federation oil” means crude oil or petroleum products extracted, refined, or exported from the Russian Federation, regardless of the nationality of the entity involved in the production or sale of such crude oil or petroleum products.
(b) The term “indirectly importing” includes purchasing Russian Federation oil through intermediaries or third countries where the origin of the oil can reasonably be traced to Russia, as determined by the Secretary of Commerce in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury.
This section defines key terms—'Russian Federation oil' and 'indirectly importing'—to clarify the scope of the order's application.
Sec. 8. Severability. If any provision of this order or the application of any provision of this order to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and the application of its provisions to any other individuals or circumstances shall not be affected.
This section ensures that if any part of the order is deemed invalid, it does not negate the rest.
Sec. 9. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of State.
This section includes general legal and administrative provisions, stating that the order will be implemented per existing laws, that it doesn't create any new legal rights, and that the Department of State will handle publication costs.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 6, 2025.
This section shows the President's signature and the date of the order.